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1. Understanding Assistance.
Adjacent is an activity that can be done and meaningful guidance, instruction, group instruction is more connotations of control, control, and control. The word is more meaningful assistance to the unity, equality, lateral side, and therefore the position between them (companion and accompanied) equal, so there is no dichotomy between superiors and subordinates. This leads to the implication that only a limited role on the companion offer an alternative, advice, and consultative assistance and not on decision making (BPKB East Java, 2001:5).
Assistance means assistance from outside parties, both individuals want the group to add a sense in the context of fulfilling the needs and problem solving groups. Assistance sought to foster empowerment and self-reliance so that people can be assisted living independently.
So mentoring is an activity to assist individuals and groups departing from the needs and abilities of the group who was accompanied by developing a process of interaction and communication, by, and for members of the group and develop solidarity and solidarity groups in the context of growing awareness as a whole human being, so that could play a role in public life in accordance with capabilities.
2. Complementary Roles
Groups have assisted because they feel unable to cope with problems alone and the companion are to accompany the group. It is said that accompany the problem-solving activities is not an escort. Accompanying only serve to facilitate how to solve the problem together with the community, ranging from stage to identify problems, find alternative solutions, to the implementation.
In efforts to solve the problem, only a limited role on the companion provides alternatives that can be implemented. And groups may choose an alternative assistance where appropriate to be taken. Accompanying her role was limited to enlighten berfiki based causal logic, which means that the group mentoring experience that every alternative there is always taken the consequences. It is expected that these consequences are positive to the group.
In the framework of this assistance, the relationships built by the companion is consultative and participatory relationship. With this relationship, the role can be played by a companion in implementing mentoring functions are:
1. Role Motivator. Efforts by the companion is aware and encourage the group to recognize the potential and problems, and can develop their potential to solve that problem.
2. Facilitator role. Assistants have the responsibility to create, conditioned climate of harmony groups, and facilitate the process of mutual learning in groups.
3. The catalyst role. companion in this case can do the activity as a liaison between the group with assistance by outside agencies or groups other technical institutions, both technical institutions and services to capital services business skills in the context of network development (BPKB East Java, 2001; 8).
Chaperone roles will only be carried out best if the coach understands didampinginya group, because it attempted to co-present in their midst, living with them, learn from what they have, teach by what they know, and working while studying .
3. Village Assistance Alert
The role is the involvement of individuals in an activity. This involvement can be direct involvement and indirect. Assistants are appointed officers to facilitate and conduct to the public for guidance through the stages in a development program.
Community empowerment or active social mobilization through the learning process well-organized through the process of facilitation and assistance.
Assistance and facilitation of activities aimed at:
a. Identifying problems and resources
b. Diagnosis and formulation of problem solving
c. Determination and implementation of solutions
d. Monitoring and evaluation of sustainability
The success of principals in facilitating the empowerment of the empowerment process can also be achieved through increasing the active participation of the community. The facilitator should be skilled to integrate three important optimization of facilitation, time provided, and optimizing the community participation. Society at the time before the deadline should be given the opportunity to be ready to continue independent development programs. Instead, the facilitator should begin to decrease gradually intervened. Instill confidence in the community who will then manage the program.
Related to the period of involvement facilitator (principal empowerment) in guarding the process of empowerment of citizens, Sumodiningrat (2000) explains that empowerment is not forever, but until the target communities are able to independently, and then released for independent, although from a distance still monitored so as not to fell again. However in order to maintain the independence of spirit still do maintenance, condition, and the ability to continuously so as not to lose ground.
As an expert, the facilitator was required to be skilled to do (1) facilitation; (2) actively creates a media consulting; (3) is active as a mediator; (4) actively provides animation and advocacy; and (5) skilled facilitate the process of problem solving (solving problems). Issues that the community expressed during problem solving does not automatically have to be answered by the facilitator but how facilitators distribute and return the issue and the question to all parties (participants or the community). Expect that the opinion of society that took over the decision. It is important also to note the perpetrator as a facilitator of empowerment should be able to recognize their duties well.
Principal tasks related to empowerment as a facilitator by Parsons, Jorgensen, and Hernandez (1994) provides a frame of reference of the following tasks: (1) defines who will be involved in implementation activities, (2) defines the purpose of involvement, (3) encourage communication and relationships , and appreciate the experience and the differences, (4) facilitate the engagement and the quality of the synergy of a system: finding similarities and differences, (5) facilitate education to build knowledge and skills, (6) provides examples and facilitate joint problem solving to encourage collective activities, ( 7) identify priority problems to be solved together, and facilitate goal setting, (8) to design alternative solutions, (9) encourage the implementation of tasks, and (10) resolve conflicts / problems.
Success in the adjacent villages indicated by the output mode and standby village outcomes. Output Indicators standby villages include:
a. Coverage Yankes village health post
b. Scope of Services Existing UKBM
c. Case Number Incident & E & Out
d. Usual (KLB) Yg reported / resolved
e. Household Coverage Get Hits House Yg Kadarzi & PHBS
While outcome indicators include:
a. Household Coverage Get Hits House Yg Kadarzi & PHBS
b. Number of Suffering Pain (Pain Rough)
c. Number Who Suffer Mental Disorders
d. Number of Birth Mother Who Died
e. Number of Infants & Toddlers Who Died
f. Number of Toddlers With Malnutrition
4. Complementary roles Alert Village
Chaperone role of standby village facilitator, consultant, mediator, advocate and problem solver. All five roles can be explained as follows:
a. Facilitation
According to Healing (2005), facilitation is an effort in the form of policy issuance and / or the provision of assistance and facilities to encourage, promote, and develop community empowerment activities.
Facilitation was also interpreted as a conscious process, wholeheartedly and energetically help the group reach their goals successfully adhere to best dg basic values of participation (PNPM Mandiri, 2008)
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b. Consultation
Consultation by Carson and Gebber (2001) is a meeting or conference to exchange information and advice. Consultation is defined by the Audit Commission (1999) as a process of dialogue that leads to a decision. The definition suggests four aspects of the consultation:
1) Consultation is a dialogue, in which there is activity to share and exchange information in order to ensure that the consultation in order to know more about a theme. Consultation therefore is something that is educational and inclusive.
2) Consultation is a process. Consultation is an iterative process and running.
3) Consultation is a dialogue between people. Consultation may involve individuals in a community, social groups and stakeholders, which reflects the composition of the population and the organization of an area. Consultation is therefore participation.
4) Consultation is about action and results. Consultation should be able to ensure that the views of consultees lead to a decision-making. Therefore consultation is about action and results oriented.
5) Consultation aims to provide a deeper understanding of a theme, which helps those who consult the following operations plans, setting priorities, improving the use of limited resources, understand the problems faced and overcome.
c. Mediation
Disputes in rural communities are often encountered in the implementation of community empowerment. It is necessary for the mediation process. Mediation process according to Lewis and Singer (2005) is a dispute resolution process involving an independent third party mediator helps the parties were in dispute to reach a settlement in the form of a voluntary agreement to some or all disputed issues.
Requirements to become a mediator between the others:
1. In doing his duty, an impartial mediator to one of the parties involved.
2. Mediators in performing their duties to act freely and independently without any influence or be influenced by a third party (service provider, Mediation facility, organization or institution) who has a purpose to influence indepedensi mediators.
3. Mediators are not permitted to convey any information or documents used during the mediation between the mediator with the parties to anyone who is not a party in the mediation.
4. If the mediator mediator met with each of the parties separately, then the mediator would need to pass first purpose is the holding separate meetings to the parties.
d. Advocacy
According to Adamson and Bromley (2008), advocacy is an organized effort to bring systematic changes in certain policies, regulation or practice. In standby village, advocacy is needed to bridge between the people as objects and government programs as the program implementers.
In general it can be said that advocacy is an approach to a person or agency / organization that allegedly have an influence on the success of a program or the smooth implementation of an activity.
Operationally, advocacy is a combination of individual and community movement designed to gain political commitment, policy support, receiving ideas, or support for the system, for a purpose or a particular program.
Advocacy and effective communication can be successful when can affect policy making and implementation of the stakeholders (primary stakeholders, partners (secondary), or other key). Thus the identification and analysis of stakeholder interests is the first step in the implementation of advocacy and communication. The results of this stakeholder analysis can provide intake for that technique will be chosen to provide advocacy and communication. Besides the selection of the materials used in conducting advocacy and communication are also things that determine the success of the implementation of advocacy and communication.
e. Problem Solving
Problem solving is a process to find a way out of a problem based on the instructions of a problem solver. Problem solver is someone who is believed to solve the problems of empowerment in this regard is the problem encountered in the implementation of the standby village.
